托福写作TPO10范文 第1篇

A recent study reveals that people especially young people are reading far less literature – novels, plays, and poems – than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for the future of literature itself.

最近的研究显示人们，尤其是年轻人不再像以前那样爱读想小说、喜剧或者诗歌这类文学作品了。这个现象是令人担忧的。这是因为这对广大读者受众、对广义文化以及对于文学本身未来的发展都是非常不幸的。

While there has been a decline in book reading generally, the decline has been especially sharp for literature. This is unfortunate because nothing else provides the intellectual stimulation that literature does. Literature encourages us to exercise our imaginations, empathize with others, and expand our understanding of language. So, by reading less literature, the reading public is missing out on important benefits.

在书籍阅读量下降的大气候下，文学类书籍阅读量下降更为明显。这是令人遗憾的，因为在启迪心智方面，没有什么可以替代文学作品的作用。文学让我们发挥我们的想象力;让我们同他人心灵相通;让我们体味语言的魅力。文学阅读量的下降，让很多公众错失了这些文学的益处。

Unfortunately, missing out on the benefits of literature is not the only problem. What are people reading instead? Consider the prevalence of self-help books on lists of best seller. These are usually superficial poorly written, and intellectually undemanding. Additionally, instead of sitting down with a challenging novel, many persons are now more likely to turn on the television, watch a music video, or read a Web page. Clearly, diverting time previously spent in reading literature to trivial forms of entertainment has lowered the level of culture in general.

The trend of reading less literature is all the more regrettable because it is taking place during a period when good literature is being written. There are many talented writers today, but they lack an audience. This fact is bound to lead publishers to invest less in literature and so support fewer serious writers. Thus, the writing as well as the reading of literature is likely to decline because of the poor standards of today’s readers.

当想到这是一个不乏好作品的时候，文学作品阅读量的减少更显得令人遗憾了。有很多天才的作家，但是他们却鲜有读者。这会导致出版商不再投资于文学作品，而转而**那些不够严谨的作家。因而，当今读者的水平不高导致了文学作品的创作跟阅读量同时下降。

托福写作TPO10范文 第2篇

Both the reading passage and the listening material discuss the authenticity of the story that Peary has been to the North Pole. Although the reading supports that claim, the lecturer refuses to believe it with three strong arguments.

The reading passage presents the fact that the committee constituted by the National Geographic Society eventually proved the truth of Peary’s claim through an investigation of the record as well as the facilities of that trip. However, the speaker casts doubt on the objectivity of that conclusion with the arguments that several friends of Peary who financed his trip to the North Pole were included in that committee and the investigation was only two-day period with the careless examination of his records.

Moreover, the reading material displays the evidence that anther explorer, Tom Avery, succeeded to reach the North Pole with less time under the similar conditions experienced by Peary, which indicates the possibility of Peary’s successful exploration. In contrast, the lecturer in the listening argues that the experience of Avery could not soundly support the probability of Peary’s success due to the significant differences between the two journey that include the varied weather condition as well as the methods of food supply.

Furthermore, the author of the reading states that the photographs taken by Peary at the North Pole could verify his story, since the position of the Sun estimated through evaluating the shadows in the pictures was in accordance with the natural rule. On the contrary, the listening rebuts that statement by pointing out that the quality of those pictures is in a poor condition due to the fact that they were taken by the primitive camera and seem to be unclear after nearly a hundred years, which means the measurement based on those photos could not be definitely accurate and the position of the Sun in them could not be determined without doubts.

托福写作TPO10范文 第3篇

Well, despite what many people say, there is good reason to think that many American wood companies will eventually seek ecocertification for their wood products.

尽管有很多人那么说，但是还是有很充分的理由来促使**木材公司逐渐为他们的产品寻求环保认证的。

First of all, consumers in the United States don’t treat all advertising the same. They distinguish between advertising clams that companies make about their won products and claims made by independent certification agencies. Americans have a lot of confidence in independent consumer agencies. Thus ecologically-minded Americans are likely to react very favorable to wood products ecologically certified by an independent organization with an international reputation for trustworthiness.

首先，**消费者对于不同广告的态度也是不一样的。他们可以区分哪些是公司企图宣传产品的广告说辞，哪些是来自**认证机构的评价。**人对于**消费机构的评判还是很有信心的。**人很有环保理念。因而，拥有来自于国际声望****认证的木材产品还是很有兴趣的。

Second point, of course it’s true that American consumers care a lot about price. Who doesn’t? but studies of how consumers make decisions show that price alone determines consumers’ decisions only when the price of one competing product is much higher or lower than another. When the price difference between two products is small, say, less than five percent as is the case with certified wood, Americans often do choose on factors other than price. And Americans are becoming increasingly convinced of the value of preserving and protecting the environment.

第二，诚然**消费者对价格很**。可是谁不是这样的呢?但是消费选择的研究发现只有当价格差很大的'时候价格才会成为唯一的决定因素。当两个产品的价格差很小，比如小于百分之五的时候，其他因素就会影响**消费者的选择。而认证木材的价格差恰好在这个范围。而且**人越来越重视环境保护了。

And third, US wood companies should definitely pay attention to what’s going on in the wood business internationally, not because of foreign consumers but because of foreign competition. As I just told you, there’s a good chance that many American consumers will be interested in ecocertified products. And guess what? If American companies are slow capturing those customers, you can be sure that foreign companies will soon start crowing into the American market, offering ecocertified wood that domestic companies don’t.

第三，**木材公司必须要关注国际木柴行业的趋势。这不是因为**的消费者，而是因为**的同行。我可以告诉大家，**的消费者会对环保产品越来越感兴趣，而这是一个极佳的机会。为什么呢?这是因为如果**的公司没有及时地抓住消费者，那么当**的公司提供**所没有的环保产品，他们可以很快递占领**市场。

托福TPO10综合写作参考及材料 (菁选2篇)（扩展8）

——新托福TPO11综合写作材料及汇总三篇

托福写作TPO10范文 第4篇

The reading passage points out three evidences that indicate the existence of actually tissue in dinosaur fossil. However, the professor doubts the accuracy of

these evidences. In fact, he offers some alternative explanations for the substances found in the fossil.

First and foremost, he challenges the existence of blood vessels. Instead, he points out that bacteria may occupy the hollows inside the bones. Therefore, it is highly possible that the soft substance in the branching channels of the bone is the moist residue of bacteria, rather than blood vessels of the dinosaur.

Moreover, the professor casts doubt about the red substance in sphere, which according to the reading passage is the remain of red blood cells. In fact, the professor claims that this red substance was also found in some other animals, which lived in the same place but had no red blood vessels at all. The professor argues that the sphere can be pieces of red minerals.

Additionally, the professor doubts the existence of collagen in the fossil. On the contrary to the reading passage, he points out that the earliest collagen that has ever found is in fossils 100000 ago. It is unlikely for collagen to last for more than 70 million years. As a result, the professor suggests that the collagen may come from recent sources, such as the skin of researchers who handed the fossil.

托福写作TPO10范文 第5篇

The lecturer points out several problems with the use of hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines in support of her claim that substituting them for internal-combustion engines is technologically unfeasible, environmentally unfriendly, and economically unviable.

First, the lecturer states that it is impractical to replace internal-combustion engines with fuel-cell engines because using the latter requires hydrogen in a pure liquid form, which is technologically challenging to both obtain and store. However, the reading argues that because hydrogen can be extracted from many resources including water, fuel cell engines powered by this infinite source of energy are an extremely attractive alternative.

Second, the lecturer refutes the claim in the reading that hydrogen cells are environmentally friendly. She argues that although engines that use hydrogen cells produce less pollution, the manufacturing of hydrogen cells generates large amounts of harmful by-products due to the burning of fossil fuels in the purification process.

Third, although the reading suggests that hydrogen-based engines are more fuel-efficient and thus economically competitive than internal-combustion engines, the professor argues that such an advantage is undermined by the fact that fuel-cell engines are extremely expensive to manufacture because they require the addition of platinum, a very rare and expensive material.

托福写作TPO10范文 第6篇

The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.

海獭是一种生活在北美西海岸从加州到阿拉斯加沿线的小型海洋哺乳动物。几年前，阿拉斯加海岸的海獭数量急剧减少。由于海獭对于维持海岸沿线生态平衡有非常重要的作用，所以其数量下降引起了广泛的关注。专家开始研究海獭数量下降的原因，并且很快发现了两个可能的原因，分别是环境污染和天敌捕食。最初，环境污染说看起来更为可信。

The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rings and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters’ resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.

为什么污染说更为可信呢?这是因为阿拉斯加海岸确实有污染源，比如石油带或者其他的工业污染物。该地的水样显示水中化学物的含量增加，其数量可以导致海獭对于对于一些致命感染丧失抵抗力，进而间接导致数量下降。

Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining; indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affect the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.

第二，在阿拉斯加海域，包括海豹和海狮在内的其他海洋哺乳动物的数量也有所下降。这表明造成海獭数量下降的原因也对其他海洋哺乳动物造成了影响。原因再次指向了环境污染，这是因为环境污染问题常常不是仅仅影响某个特定物种，而是影响整个生态系统。除此之外，只有像逆戟鲸(一种大型肉食鲸)那种食性广泛的动物才能通过捕食呈现相同的效果。但是，逆戟鲸更喜欢捕食像鲸类这种的大型猎物。

Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.

第三，科学家认为污染说同时可以解释海獭数量变化的不均衡性。所谓不均衡性是指在阿拉斯加某些区域海獭数量下降明显，而在其他地方海獭的数量保持未定。一些专家指出这样的观察结果表明洋流和其他环境因素导致了海岸线上污染物的不均衡聚集。

托福写作TPO10范文 第7篇

Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.

每年，在**西北部，森林火灾和一些严重的暴风雨会给森林造成严重的损害。而处理这些灾难造成的损害的方法之一被称为回收性砍伐。回收性砍伐是指把受损地区的已经**的树木一走，用作制作木料、胶合板或者其他木材产品。有一些理由让我们相信回收性砍伐无论对于受损的森林还是对于经济发展都是有好处的。

First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.

首先，每次森林火灾之后，森林都被死树堵住了。如果不把这些树移走，那么它们需要数年的时间才会腐化。在这个时间里，就不会有新的树木能够在这些狭窄的空间发芽生长了。然而，回收性砍伐则可以把这些死树移走，迅速地位新生的树木提供生长的空间。这样做，有助于帮助森林从火灾中恢复。

Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So， by removing totting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.

同时，已死的树对森林的损害不仅仅是占用空间。腐烂的木头同时也是昆虫很好的栖息地，比如杉皮甲虫。大量的杉皮甲虫会对健**长的杉树造成损害。所以，通过移走这些腐烂的木头，回收性砍伐可以降低虫害侵袭的危险，进而保护森林的健康。

Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.

最后，回收性砍伐是有经济收益的。很多的产业的产品生产都依赖森林，因而森林大火对于经济的发展是非常有害的。但是，很多时候这些因为自然灾害**的树木还是可以能够为工业生产提供很多木材的。而且，回收性砍伐比传统的砍伐活动需要更多的人力，所以这可以为当地居民提供更多的就业机会。

托福写作TPO10范文 第8篇

Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared that a

70-­‐million-­‐year-­‐old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), a dinosaur, might still

contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. The discovery was made when

researchers deliberately broke open the T. rex’s leg bone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that seem to be remains of blood vessels, red blood cells, and collagen matrix.

动物化石很难帮助人们研究动物的软**，这是因为化石里面的动物活性**大 部分都被矿物质代替了。最近，发现一个 7 千万年前的霸王龙化石中可能存在 真正的动物软**。这令科学家们非常兴奋。科学家小心翼翼地打开了霸王龙腿 骨的时候，发现里面存在着可能为血管、血红细胞和胶原蛋白基质的物质。

First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branching channels inside, which probably correspond to hollows in the bones where blood vessels were once located. The exciting finding was the presence of a soft, flexible organic substance inside the channels. This soft substance may very well represent the remains of the actual blood vessels of T. rex.

首先，打开腿骨化石之后，科学家发现了内部有一些管状分支，这些管状分支可 能是骨内血管存在的地方。令人兴奋的是在这些管状分支中存在着柔软的有机物 质。这些柔软的物质可能是霸王龙真正血管的遗留痕迹。

Second, microscopic examination of the various parts of the inner bone revealed the presence of spheres that could be the remains of red blood cells. Tests showed that the spheres contained iron a material vital to the role of red blood cells in transporting oxygen to tissues. Moreover, the spheres had dark red centers (substances with iron tend to be reddish in color) and were also about the size of red blood cells.

第二，通过显微镜对骨内部多处进行详细检查之后发现了一些可能是血红细胞化 石的球状体。检测发现这些球状体里面还有铁，而铁在血红细胞往**内输送氧气的过程中扮演重要角色。而且，这些球状体中间呈红色，而含有铁元素的物质

往往是***`，同时这些球状体的大小也符合血红细胞。

Third, scientists performed a test on the dinosaur leg bone that showed that it contained collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component of living bone tissue, in which it forms a so-­‐called collagen matrix. Collagen (or its chemical derivatives) is exactly the kind of biochemical material that one would expect to find in association with bone tissue.

第三，科学家的测试发现这个恐龙腿骨化石中还有胶原蛋白。胶原蛋白是一种纤 维化蛋白质，是生物骨**的重要组成部分，以胶原蛋白基质的形式存在。胶原 蛋白或者其衍生物是一种存在于骨骼软**中的生化物质。

托福TPO10综合写作参考及材料 (菁选2篇)（扩展5）

——托福TPO9综合写作题目及 (菁选2篇)

托福写作TPO10范文 第9篇

As early as the twelfth century ., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their “great houses,” massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.

早在12世纪，**西南部墨西哥地区查科峡谷的居民就以他们的“巨屋”而闻名。这种石质材料建成的“巨屋”包好有数百个房间，而且通常有三到四层高。很多考古学家都试图解释这些建筑的用途。尽管业界尚未达成一致，但现在有三个比较有竞争力的理论。

One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known “apartment buildings” at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.

一个理论认为这些巨屋是单纯用来居住的，每个可以容纳数百人。持有这种理论的.人解释说查科巨屋同时间较近的一些西南族群早期建筑的雏形。尤其值得一提的是，查科的这些建筑同新墨西哥陶斯镇著名的“寓所式建筑”非常相似。这些寓所式建筑供很多人居住了数个世纪。

A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.

第二个理论认为查科建筑是用来储存食物的。查科人的主食之一是玉米。玉米可以不宜变质，可长期储存，因此可以作为长期的食物来源。这些玉米一定是要储存在某个地方的。而巨屋的规模非常适合作为储存地。

A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.

第三个理论认为这些房屋是用来作祭司中心的。离一个巨屋不远的地方有个阿尔托村庄，考古学家在那里发现了一个由古代材料堆积成的山包。对这个山包挖掘后发现了大量破碎罐子。这个发现佐证了人们聚集到巨屋是为了某种祭祀。在祭祀中他们使用节日佳肴，然后把做饭和盛食物的器皿抛弃。而这样的祭祀活动在其他美洲土著文化中有所记载。

托福TPO10综合写作参考及材料 (菁选2篇)（扩展7）

——托福综合写作TPO7及材料实用三篇

托福写作TPO10范文 第10篇

In an effort to encourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive this certification can attract customers by advertising their product as ecocertified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order to receive ecocertification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United Stated will do the same, for several reasons.

为了能过促进林业的可持续发展，有个国际**开始着手给那些达到了环保和再生利用要求的木材公司颁发认证。获得认证的公司可以在广告商宣传自己是环保的，进而吸引消费者。在全球范围内来看，为了能得到环保认证，很多木材公司已经开始采用了环保策略。然而，就**的公司来讲不太会采取同样的措施，原因如下。

First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or “improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general.

首先，由于每天接受大量广告的轰炸，**消费者对于环保标签并不是很在意。由于很多的普通产品都标榜“创新”或者“升级”，**消费者对于广告上生成的东西基本上不怎么信任。

Second, ecocertified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers – American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.

第二，环保认证后的木材会比普通木材价格昂过，因为木材公司必须向认证机构支付审核费用才能得到相关的认证。这份额外的支出将会转嫁给消费者，而**的消费者对于价格非常**。因而，他们将倾向于选择便宜的没有认证的产品。因而，**的木材公司还是会选择低价格而非环保认证。

Third, although some people claim that it always makes good business sense for American companies to keep up with the developments in the rest of the world, this argument is not convincing. Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only if they marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the case – American wood businesses sell most of their products in the United States, catering to a very large customer base that is satisfied with the merchandise.

第三，尽管有人声称这样可以使**的公司保持敏锐的商业触觉，跟上世界发展的脚步。但是，这样的说法是站不住脚的。只有当**的木材公司主要市场是针对**的时候，追求环保认证才变得有意义。但事实却并非如此。**木材公司的产品主要在**销售，而满足了主要消费者的需求就可以保证商业运行顺畅。

托福写作TPO10范文 第11篇

新托福综合写作TPO13范文：

The lecturer rejects the ideas presented in the reading passage about the problems involved in the booming business of commercial fossil trading. In her opinion, the benefits of this new development outweigh its negative consequences.

The lecturer does not agree with the first point made in the reading—that private collectors keep their fossil collections away from the public. She contends that the commercial trading of fossils actually makes them available to a wider public, because everyone with a budget, such as private schools and libraries, can purchase them for study and exhibition.

The lecturer goes on to refute the claim in the reading that fossil trading business prevents scientists and public museum from benefiting from fossil finds, as these parties cannot compete with wealthy private buyers to acquire important fossils for research purpose. On the contrary, she argues, scientists themselves are the first to evaluate any important fossil before it can be sold in the commercial market at a price, so the academic community does not miss any opportunity to study privately traded fossils.

Additionally, the lecturer challenges the final downside of fossil trading mentioned in the reading. The lecturer reminds us that the damages, if any, caused by private collectors in their field operations are more than offset by the effort these individuals have made to increase the number of fossils available to the public that would otherwise remain undiscovered.

新托福综合写作TPO13阅读材料：

Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteen century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public.

私人化石收藏家们从十八世纪就开始涉足化石买卖。所谓化石是指那些古代有机体的石化物。然而最近几年，化石买卖，尤其是恐龙和其他大型脊椎动物的化石的买卖变得繁荣起来了。稀有而重要的化石现在以百万计的价格在私人搜藏家之间流通。这种现象无论对于科学家还是对于公众来说，都不是一件好事情。

The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.

化石不在捐赠给博物馆而是由私人收藏家持有，而不是像过去那样捐赠给博物馆。私人收藏家不会让公众看他的藏品，而博物馆里的展品却是人人有机会看到的。这样对于公众来说是受损的。接触化石的机会变少会让大众失去对化石的兴趣的，而这一点显然是令人遗憾的。

More importantly, scientists are likely to lose access to some of the most important fossils and thereby miss out on potentially crucial discoveries about extinct life forms. Wealthy fossil buyers with a desire to own the rarest and most important fossils can spend virtually limitless amounts of money to acquire them. Scientists and the museums and universities they work for often cannot compete successfully for fossils against millionaire fossil buyers.

更重要的是，科学家将错失很多研究珍贵化石的机会，进而可能同一些关于**生物的重大发现失之交臂。富有的化石购买者因为对稀有而重要化石的强烈渴望，将会不计成本地想得到这些化石。科学家和他们所服务的博物馆和大学都无力同那些身价百万的'化石购买者竞争，也只能坐视失去化石。

Moreover, commercial fossil collectors often destroy valuable scientific evidence associated with the fossils they unearth. Most commercial fossil collectors are untrained or uninterested in carrying out the careful field work and documentation that reveal the most about animal life in the past. For example, scientists have learned about the biology of nest-building dinosaurs called oviraptors by carefully observing the exact position of oviraptors fossils in the ground and the presence of other fossils in the immediate surroundings. Commercial fossil collectors typically pay no attention to how fossils lie in the ground or to the smaller fossils that may surround bigger ones.

托福写作TPO10范文 第12篇

The lecturer raises several arguments to counter the reading passage’s strong criticism of the public’s declining interest in reading literature.

The lecturer argues that literature is only one among many forms of reading genres from which the public can benefit intellectually. The public also benefits from reading works of science fiction and historical novels, among other reading genres. Therefore, the reading is wrong to claim that the public is suffering great losses by not reading literature.

Furthermore, the lecturer explains that even if it is true that the public is reading fewer books and watching more television and films instead, it does not necessarily mean that culture is in decline. Television and film are simply modern forms of cultural expression that are also intellectually stimulating and directly relevant to contemporary life.

Finally, the lecturer admits a decline in audience and support of literature in today’s society, but she attributes it to the authors themselves, who have alienated themselves from the reading public by using overly complex language. The reading, however, blames the lowering standards of the public for the declining interest in reading great works of literature.

托福写作TPO10范文 第13篇

Robert E. Peary was a well-known adventurer and arctic explorer who in 1909 set out to reach the North Pole. When he returned from the expedition, he claimed to have reached the pole on April 7, 1909. This report made his into an international celebrity. Though some historians have expressed doubts that Peary did in fact reach the North Pole, three arguments provide strong support for the truth of Peary’s claim.

First, the National Geographic Society put together a committee that was instructed to conduct a thorough investigation of Peary’s records and equipment. At the end of the investigation, the committee concluded that Peary’s accounts were consistent and persuasive and declared that he had indeed reached the North Pole.

Second, a recent expedition provides support for Peary’s claim that he reached the North Pole in only 37 days after setting out from Ellesmere Island off the coast of Greenland. Skeptics used to argue that Peary could not have traveled that fast. Since even modern snowmobiles take longer to cover the same distance. However, a British explorer named Tom Avery recently made the same trek in less than 37 days. In fact, Avery used the same kind of dogsled and the same number and breed of dogs as Peary had. Thus, Peary’s claims are not impossible, and he very well might have been telling the truth.

Third, there are photographs taken by Peary that support his claim to have reached the North Pole. Measuring the shadows in Peary's photographs makes it possible to calculate the Sun's position in the Ny. The Sun's position established from the photographs corresponds exactly to the Surf s position as it should have been at the North Pole on that day. This provides strong evidence that Peary reached the North Pole and took the photographs there.

托福TPO10综合写作参考及材料 (菁选2篇)（扩展3）

——托福TPO10综合写作参考及材料(三)份

托福写作TPO10范文 第14篇

The lecture and the reading passage give contradictory opinions on the topic of ecocertification, a form of accreditation conferred by on international agency in recognition of a company’s eco-friendly practices. The passage explains that it is not necessary for American wood companies to pursue ecocertification while the lecture provides several counterarguments to this view.

First, the lecturer argues that the reading passage is too general in its statement that American consumers reject advertising completely. He asserts that Americans do not trust advertising claims for a product only when these claims are made by the company that sells the product. When a claim is made by an independent third party such as a wood certification company, he posits, consumers respond very positively with strong acceptance of the certified product.

The lecturer also refutes the second point in the reading – that price-sensitive American consumers are likely to choose cheap wood products without certification. The professor contends that certified wood is only slightly (less than 5%) more expensive than uncertified wood, and therefore, he argues, consumers will tend to ignore the price difference and choose the eco-friendly product.

Finally, receiving eco-certification is, according to the professor, an important strategy used by American wood companies to ensure that their products can compete against ecocertified wood products imported into the domestic market from foreign countries. According to the reading, however, this strategy is unnecessary because American consumers are likely to be content with domestically manufactured products, even if they are not ecocertified.

托福写作TPO10范文 第15篇

The lecturer and the reading passage suggest two competing theories, the predation theory vs. the pollution theory, to explain why the sea otter population is in rapid decline.

The professor reasons that the absence of dead sea otters washed up the coast suggests that their decline is not caused by sea pollution but rather by sea predators who consume their bodies after Killing them. In contrast, the reading passage attributes the death of sea otters to pollution, citing evidence of increased sources of ocean contaminants which lead to greater vulnerability to infections.

Furthermore, the lecturer argues that orcas are likely factors in the disappearance of sea otters, because the scarcity of whales, their usual prey, has left them with no other choice but to start hunting smaller mammals like the otters for food. The reading passage, on the other hand, Rules out this theory based on the orca's preying habit, and instead approves of the pollution theory as the only explanation for the decline op both large and small sea mammals across the entire ecosystem.

Finally, according to the lecturer, the uneven pattern of sea otter decline corresponds to the distribution of the orcas. she argues that the pact that their population has declined most rapidly where orcas are most prevalent further validates the predation theory. However, the reading passage argues that changeable environmental factors, which lead to different concentrations of pollutants, better explains the varying pattern of sea otter decline.

托福写作TPO10范文 第16篇

Well, ongoing investigations have revealed that predation is the most likely cause of sea otter decline after all.

目前的研究表明天敌捕食是最可能导致海獭数量减少的原因。

First, the pollution theory is weakened by the fact that no one can really find any Dead Sea otters washing off on Alaskan beaches. That’s not what you would expect if infections caused by pollution started killing a lot of otters. On the other hand, the fact that it’s so hard to find dead otters is consistent with the predator hypothesis. If an otter is killed by a predator, it’s eaten immediately so it can’t wash up on shore.

首先，由于没有人发现有海獭尸体被冲上阿拉斯加海滩，所以污染理论捕食那么站得住脚的。如果污染造成的疾病感染导致了海獭数量的剧减，那么情况不该如此。而且，很少发现海獭尸体也恰恰说明了天敌捕食假说。捕食者杀死了海獭后，会很快地吃掉它，那么我们也就不会再岸上发现海獭尸体了。

Second, although orcas may prefer to hunt whales, whales have essentially disappeared from the area because of human hunters. That means that orcas have had to change their diet to survive and since only smaller sea mammals are now available, orcas have probably started hunting those. So, it probably is the orcas that are causing the decline of all the smaller sea mammals mentioned in the passage - the seals, the sea lions, and the sea otters.

第二，尽管逆戟鲸喜欢捕食鲸类，但是鲸类的数量却由于人类的`捕猎活动而剧烈减少。这意味着逆戟鲸不得不为了生存而更改捕食习惯。目前来看只有一些小型海洋哺乳动物还可以捕捉，逆戟鲸很可能开始以它们为食了。所以，很可能是逆戟鲸的捕食导致了文中提到的诸如海豹、海狮和海獭等小型哺乳动物的数量减少。

And third, the uneven pattern of otter decline is better explained by the orca predation theory than by the pollution theory. What happens to otters seems to depend on whether the location where they live is accessible to orcas or not. In those locations that orcas can access easily, the number of sea otters has declined greatly. However, because orcas are so large, they can’t access shallow or rocky locations. And shallow and rocky locations are precisely the types of locations where sea otter populations have not declined.

第三，海獭数量变化的不均衡性恰好表明了逆戟鲸捕食理论比污染理论更合理。海獭数量的增减取决于它们生存的地方逆戟鲸是不是可以进入。在那些逆戟鲸很容易进入的海域，海獭的数量急剧减少。然而，因为逆戟鲸个头很大，所以他们不能进入那些过浅或者充满岩石的海域。而那些过浅和充满岩石的海域，恰恰是海獭数量保持稳定的地区。

托福写作TPO10范文 第17篇

Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile’s main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far, the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.

汽车制造商和**都在积极地寻找内燃机的代替品，而目前内燃机是汽车主要的动力源。目前为止，氢燃料电池发动机是最有竞争力的汽车动力代替品。氢燃料电池发动机是用氢作燃料产生电能以充当汽车的动力。鉴于燃料电池发动机相对于内燃机发动机优点多多，因而可以很快替代内燃机。

One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource, someday; we will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.

内燃机发动机的问题之一就是对于石油的依赖，而石油具体的形式是汽油或者柴油。石油是不可再生资源，总有一天会用尽的。而燃料电池发动机所使用的氢则不是那么容易消耗完的。氢有多种来源，比如天然气和水。燃料电池发动机很容易得到，而这种能源的可再生性使其特别具有吸引力。

Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world’s pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.

第二，氢燃料电池发动机还可以在全球范围内解决污染问题，这也是其具有吸引力的原因。使用石油不可避免的副产品就是二氧化碳，这是对环境有害的气体。而与此同时，燃料电池发动机唯一的副产品就是水。

Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason. A fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.

第三，因为燃料电池发动机的使用费用比内燃机发动机低，燃料电池发动机很快就会在价格上很有竞争力了。这个道理是很简单的。燃料电池汽车的能量利用率几乎是使用内燃机发动机的汽车的两倍。换句话说，行驶相同的距离，使用燃料电池发动机汽车只需要消耗内燃机汽车的一半能量。

托福TPO10综合写作参考及材料 (菁选2篇)（扩展6）

——托福TPO5综合写作及材料「阅读和听力」 (菁选2篇)

托福写作TPO10范文 第18篇

It is often said that people are reading less literature today than they used to. What should we make of this?

现在常有人说人们不像以前那样多的阅读文学作品了。我们应该如何应对呢?

Well first, a book doesn’t have to be literature to be intellectually stimulating. Science writing, history, political ****ysis and so forth aren’t literature perhaps, but they are often of high quality and these kinds of books can be just as creative and well-written as a novel or a play. They can stimulate the imagination. So don’t assume that someone who isn’t reading literature isn’t reading a good book.

首先，启迪人只会的不一定必须是文学作品。学科书籍、历史、**分析等基本上都不是文学作品，但是它们的质量往往很高，而且它们也想小说和喜剧那样的充满创造力和文采。它们也可以启发人的想象力。所以不要认为不读文学作品的人就不读书。

But let’s say that people aren’t just spending less time with literature, they are also spending less time with books in general. Does that mean that the culture is in decline? No, there’s plenty of culturally valuable material that isn’t written – music and movies, for example. Are people wasting their time when they listen to a brilliant song or watch a good movie? Do these non-literary activities lower cultural standards? Of course not. Culture has changed. In today’s culture, there are many forms of expression available other than novels and poems. And some of these forms speak more directly to contemporary concerns than literature does.

我们假设那些很少读文学作品的人同时也很少读各种书。这就意味着文化水平下降吗?不是的，因为除了写作之外还有很多文化形式，比如音乐和电影。当人们聆听美妙的音乐或者看一部好电影的时候，我们能说这是在浪费时间吗?非文字类的行为会降低文化水平吗?显然不是。文化已经不同了。在今天，除了小说和诗歌之外，我们有了更多的形式表达文化。而且，它们中的很多比文学作品更直接地表达当代社会的关注点。

Finally, it’s probably true that there’s less support for literature today than in earlier generation. But don’t be too quick to blame the readers. Sometimes it’s the author’s faults. Let’s be honest. A lot of modern literature is intended to be difficult to understand. Here is not much reason to suppose that earlier generation of readers would have read a lot of today’s literature either.

托福TPO10综合写作参考及材料 (菁选2篇)（扩展9）

——新托福tpo14综合写作及阅读听力材料优选【3】篇