英语总结说 第1篇
名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。
名词的分类：
名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1)个体名词(Individual Nouns)：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns)：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns)：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
名词的种类
物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。
(三)名词的数
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式：
1.单数
英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。
This is a desk .
这是一张书桌。
There is an orange on the table .
桌上有一个橘子。
an orange 一个橘子
an new orange (×) → a new orange (○)
一个新橘子
a desk
a old desk (×) → an old desk (○)
一张旧课桌
a和an的使用区别
a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。
an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。
有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。
2.复数
英语中，如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。变复数时情况如下：
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.
——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys
以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.
——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.
——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,
strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])
(注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加)
(4)以元音字母。结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：
①加—tomatoes,potato—potatoes
②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,—zoos,radio——radios
③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano—pianos
④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s,
(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos
⑤zero变复数时，既可加s,也可加
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.
——wives,leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res读音为[vz]
(注意：roof的复数为roofs; scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)
(6)有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。
——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth, child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)
请区别：German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children
(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
这些词是可数名词，且单复数形式相同，所以可以写为：
This is a fish.
These are fish.
另外，fish作为鱼肉讲时是不可数的。
There is much fish on the plate.
(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。
eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors
9以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
9另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼
另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。
apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister
但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。
men teachers,three women doctors
②可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。
room Of students,two boxes Of pencils
可修饰名词的常用词：?
1) 修饰可数名词与不可数名词：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
2) 饰可数名词的有：many, (a)few, a large (great) number of?
3)只修饰不可数名词的有：much, (a)little, a great deal of
2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的“量”的表示方式如下。
(1)常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
(2)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等词修饰。
eg,much money,a little bread
(3)常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread
a piece of news 一条新闻
a piece of paper 一张纸
a piece of work 一项工作
容器表示
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a glass of water 一杯水
a bottle of orange 一瓶橘汁
a piece of paper 一张纸
a slice of bread 一片面包
如要表示两杯茶、四张纸这类概念时，在容器后加复数，如：
two cups of tea
两杯茶
four pieces of paper
四张纸
three glasses of water
三杯水
(4)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。
bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water
5.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread__________over there.(be)
6.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。
eg： fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物——foods各种食品;fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——a drink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒; cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙——sands沙滩; tea茶——a tea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉——a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁——an orange橘子; glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;wood木头——a wood小森林;room空间、余地——a room房间
(三)名词的所xxx(表示人或物的所属关系)
(1) 有生命的名词所xxx以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所xxx。
Beijing's street 北京的街道
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
ten minutes' walk 十分钟的路程
①不是以s结尾的名词变成所xxx时，在词尾加’s.
’s watch;Women’s Day
②以s结尾的名词变成所xxx时,只加’。
’office,students’rooms
③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加’s.
and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)
④两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加’s.
’s and Jenny’s bikes玛丽和xxx的自行车(表示玛丽和xxx各自的'自行车)
在某些句子里，名词所xxx修饰的词，往往可以省略。
John s bike is better than Mike's .
约翰的自行车比迈克的好。
5.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所xxx的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
(2)无生命的事物的名词所xxx常用of结构
map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room
(3)特殊形式
①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所xxx
boy’s name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字)
the dog’s legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)
China’s population=the population Of China(中国的人口)
China’s capital=the capital of China(中国的首都)
②双重所xxx
fiend of my mother’s我妈妈的一个朋友
a picture of Tom’s汤姆的一张图片
3、易错点
1)Help yourself to _________.
A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken
答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数)
2)________ it is today!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather
答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词, 要用what来感叹.)
3) Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’ factory
答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所xxx, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)
4) This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying
答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当 “人”讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等)
初中英语知识点总结名词【2】
知识点总结
顾名思义，名词指的是表示事物名称的词，分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词包括人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团地名等专有的名称，第一个字母大写，例如Lily，China，Sunday，The Times，Class One等。普通名词分为可数和不可数名词。可数名词表示一个的时候用单数形式，即原形，如a box. 表示一个以上用复数形式，如two boxes. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式，表示数量时要借助于a piece of，a glass of，a cup of等短语，如two pieces of paper.
另外，名词中还涉及到名词所xxx问题。名词所xxx表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式：一种是's所xxx，常表示有生命的事物，如Ann's book; 另一种是of所xxx，常表示无生命的事物，如the door of the room.。
注意：
1. 可数名词复数的规则变化：一般情况下在词尾加 s.如map-maps以字母s，x，ch，sh等结尾的名词加es，如bus-buses，watch-watches以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加es.例词：country-countries以 f/fe一般变 f/fe为v 加es，例词：leaf-leaves，thief-thieves以 o结尾的名词加s或es.对于初中阶段，以 o结尾的表示有生命的名词加es，如 tomato-tomatoes;以 o结尾的表示无生命的名词加s ，如zoo-zoos.
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化：常见的不规则变化名词有man-men，woman-women，child-children，ox-oxengoose-geese，tooth-teeth，foot-feet，penny-pence，mouse-miceChinese-Chinese等。
3. 以s结尾的名词复数，变所xxx时在s后加“' ”，不以s 结尾的名词复数，在词尾加“'s”。
常见考法
对于名词的考察，通常是以单项选择或词语运用形式考查名词词义及其用法，以及学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用名词的能力。
误区提醒准确使用名词所xxx，尤其是作定语，关键是判断出所有关系。
准确使用专有名词，记住月份，星期，国名，语言，著名景点的名称，尤其注意首字母大写。
辨别并准确使用不可数名词、可数名词及其复数。
表示不可数名词的量，要注意用哪个量词及量词的单复数。
典型例题1：The doctor saved three _____ lives yesterday……
's B. children' C. child D. child's
解析：本题考查名词复数及所xxx的用法。题中three决定了后面要用复数children，而children和lives 又构成所有关系“三个孩子的生命”，并且children不是以s结尾的名词复数，所以用child的复数所xxxchildren's.答案：A
典型例题2：-Would you like some drinks，boys ?
-Yes ，__________，please.
oranges boxes of oranges C. some cakes boxes of orange
解析：根据题意“你们想喝点饮料吗?”，选项应该为饮料，故排除C;而在作为桔汁来讲的时候，是不可数名词，没有复数，故排除A和B;
答案：D
总结升华：在做涉及到名词的习题时，要从名词的数，名词所用格等方面考虑全面。
英语总结说 第2篇
To wrap it up, the team's hard work and dedication led to the successful completion of the project. （总结一下，团队的辛勤工作和奉献精神使项目成功完成。）
In closing, class of 2021, we would like to leave you with some words of wisdom. （2021届的毕业生们，最后，我们将留给你们几个词，它们可都是至理名言。）
Finally, it may be concluded from the passage that this girl's father is a teacher. （最后，我们可以从文中得出结论，这个 女孩的父亲是一位老师。）
Taking everything into account, are you satisfied with Beijing as a place to live? （把所有的一切算进去，把北京作为一个居住地，你满意吗？）
On the whole, our opinions are the same. （归根结底，我们的意见基本上是一致的。）
All things considered, I think you have behaved marvellously in coming here. （从各方面考虑，我认为你来这儿是一个非常明智的举动。）
In sum, he is a man of high principle. （简而言之，他是个很有原则的人。）
Everything considered , he has done a good job. （所有因素考虑在内，他做得很好了。）
They were, by and large, a very young and promising elite. （他们基本上是非常年轻有为的精英）
In the end, the little boy came home and apologized to his mum. （最后，这个小男孩回家并给他的母亲道歉了。）
英语总结说 第3篇
国际学术英语交流会议总结
I learned a lot from this simulated international conference on academic exchange , also we have some shortcomings.
At first, about the title of the graduate education reform , we choose the topic is the graduate tutor system reform.
Although the subject is good, the scope is too large, and two knotespeakers have on their own topic.
In addition, about the content of the international conference, without the whole meeting schedule, in other words, without a meeting outline, so made our conference process is not perfect.
At last but the least , about the simulation fidelity, if we pay more attention on the appearance, speech words,then the simulation can be called perfect.
英语总结说 第4篇
如何写英文总结
Year-end is a good time to review your programs to get them ready for the next year. Typically, this time of year things slow down due to the holidays you might have some time to focus on the recommendations below.
【1】Year-end Recap
It is critical that you develop a year-end recap and send it out to as many people as possible.
This will let then know your successes as well as challenges in the past year. You can use this to brag about the successes, which can lead to more support as well as budget.
In addition, by outlining the challenges you may be able to motivate others to help and or make appropriate changes within their teams that will help you prevent these problems.
【2】Annual Traffic & Sales Review
Reviewing your inbound traffic and conversions across the year to look for trends or new phrases is a great opportunity to identify new markets, keywords or countries that may have been overlooked in the monthly reviews.
When you look at the trends over an entire year you can often find months that are higher or lower than normal and can adjust your annual or quarterly plans to maximize these spikes.
【3】Keyword Glossaries
Often overlooked arepanys localization glossaries. These are master lists of word pairs that are used in machine translation and translation management tools.
Throughout the year, you may have done a lot of keyword research and modeling that may need to be added to the glossary as well as words replaced with those which have more demand or better match searchers intent.
If any new products were added this year, they should be added to the glossary as well to make sure that the most relevant versions are integrated.
【4】Site-Wide Diagnostics
Due the holidays at the end of the year, your workload may decrease giving time to review and clean up many of themon errors that accumulate in Google and Bing Webmaster tools.
【5】New Year/New Tactics Lunch & Learn
Schedule a variety of lunch and learns with your various teams to them on any new techniques and updates like avoiding Panda penalties. It is often good to any new employees that were added in the past few moths on the best practices they may not be aware of.
【6】End Of Life Products
Especially if you managing search for a largepany you should meet with the product teams to identify products that are no longer sold. It ismon in largerpanies and especially in consumer electronics that as product reach their “end of life” for marketing they are removed from the site.
While they are no longer sold, they are still being used by consumers that will need replacement parts, services and hopefully upgrades. You can create a hybrid page that represents these options for consumers and replace the previous product page to allow you to continue to capture those still interested in your products.
Any of these can help find nuggets of opportunities that will help you look good in the first quarter. It will also help you to make budget justifications and support additional headcount or agency budgets for specific roles.
Most importantly, you should have a good idea of the overall progress and what opportunities you have for improvement in the new year.
英语总结说 第5篇
learning summary
a month had gone, but i felt that my gains were very little.
in this month, i read some documents whose topics were labor relations, i found that a lot of were very similar, and some of them were so difficult that i could not understand them. at present, the labor relations in our country is not very harmonious, especially when the contract law had changed. i think the main problems the about labor relations are as follows: firstly, it is that the quality and legal awareness of the bosses and staffs were not very high, because of these a lot of disputes had happened. secondly, the laws in our country were not overall, as a result, the numbers of the contradictions were increased. thirdly, the government did not respect for the law enforcement, in some provinces, the government did not given the enterprises who had did some wrong things in order to their rapid economic development. i will spend a lot of time on them next month.
in this month, i got up at 6:40am and read english about an hour every morning. besides this, i spent more than an hour on listening to the new concept english .my english is very poor, i hope that i can improve my oral and listening english according to these.
at last, i think that i have not found a correct way to carry out my study, i must change this situation timely.
英语总结说 第6篇
[zǒngjié]
summarize summary
详细释义
归纳整理 to summarize
总结工作
summarize one's work
总结大家的意见
sum up everyone's ideas
总结经验
sum up one's experiences
总结自己的一生
sum up one's life
认真地总结历史经验
make a careful summary of lessons from history
总结报告
summary report
总结工作大会
sum up the work of the general assembly
总结发言
concluding remarks
归纳出来的结论 summary
写总结
write a summary
科学工作的总结
summary of scientific work
国民经济发展的总结
rundown of national economic development
英语总结说 第7篇
暑假英语日记带翻译：遗憾的一天
7月19日 晴
Today my parents took me to my grandfather’s house. I played with my cousin. Suddenly my cousin suggested going to the park and having a rest. “that’s a good idea.” I said. Then we prepared for the traveling. After lunch, the sky turned dark. After that , it rained heavily. It meant our plan is impossible. What a pity day!
今天我父母带我去了外公家，我和xxx表，兄/弟/姐/妹一起玩。突然，我我和xxx表，兄/弟/姐/妹建议去公园玩，顺便休息一下。“那是一个好主意”我说到。然后我们为旅行准备着。午饭后，天变得昏暗，接着下起了大雨。那意味着我们的计划不可能实行了，多遗憾的一天哪!
Tomorrow is New Year’s Day, my family have had a completely cleaning for two days. Then my father and I decorated our flat and my mother cooked delicious food for our meal. After supper we watched TV program. How happy we were!
明天是春节，xxx以近在两天前做了彻底的大扫除。然后我和爸爸一起装饰家里，妈妈则在烧好吃的.东西。晚饭以后，我们一起看电视节目，我们多高兴呀!
The day after yesterday I received 200yuan from my relatives as my pocket money. I was so happy but my father and mother said that I should give a half to them and the rest would be my pocket money in one year. “what!” I shouted.
前天我收到了200元作为零用钱来自于我的亲戚，我很高兴，但是爸爸妈妈说要上交一半而且另一半要做为我一年里的零用钱。“什么!”我大叫到。
暑假英语日记带翻译：图书馆
On July 20, sunny
Get up early today is very hot, hot feeling uncomfortable. Breakfast mother let me accompany her to go shopping and I didn't go. Because it is too hot, move feeling on the finger to sweat.
The city library to read a book this afternoon. Because the library have air conditioning can blow, but also more than books at home too. Conveniently checked total solar eclipse was visible material.
7月20日 晴
今天非常炎热，一大早起床就感觉闷热的难受。吃完早饭妈妈让我陪同她去买菜我也没去。因为实在是太热了，感觉动一下手指头身上都在向外冒汗。
下午到市图书馆看了一下午的书。因为图书馆有空调可以吹，而且书也比家里的多太多了。顺便查了一下日全食的资料。
暑假英语日记带翻译：雨天
On July 21, rainy days
The weather of today is very comfortable, though the weather forecast said it is cloudy, but just a little bit rain, very cool.
The weather forecast said it is cloudy, and friends about to play basketball, but unfortunately, in the rain can play. Afternoon after the rain stopped to help my mother to buy food supermarket. Generally bad mood today.
7月21日 雨天
今天天气很舒适，虽然天气预报说今天是阴天，可是下了点小雨，很凉爽。
天气预报说今天是阴天，本来都和朋友们约好要去打篮球的，可是很遗憾，在下雨没法去玩。下午雨停了之后有去超市帮妈妈买菜。总的来说今天心情不算太坏。
英语总结说 第8篇
Summer Vacation
This year's summer vacation was most enjoyable. I spent fifteen days helping my grandparents doing farm work in the countryside， where I saw mountains and fields covered with green plants. Sometimes I went swimming in the river to the west of the village, the water in which was quite clear.
I kept a diary every day. Besides doing farm work, I helped the children in the neighborhood with their lessons. All of them showed much interest in English. They could read and write well， but they could hardly understand simple English. So every day in the morning I spent about two hours helping them improve their listening and spoken English. They all made great progress. Their parents all thought highly of me. I now realize that knowledge is very much needed in the countryside.
英语总结说 第9篇
总结名词英文
初中英语语法总结名词【1】
在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点：
一、可数名词与不可数名词
在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，(1)分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化。(3)不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如：
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5baby---babies family---families
另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet
man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese
deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如：
Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)
His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时， 意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如，
Our school team often plays well in our city.
我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays.
二、名词所xxx
名词所xxx有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用xxx表示。一般情况下，指某人的某物用’s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外，要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数，不能直接加’s，而应该加-’即可。例如，boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过，注意例外情况，例如， the boss’s handwriting，其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中，如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式，那么其名词所xxx仍加-‘s。那么你会说“xxx的小汽车”吗?对，Jones’s car。
下面我们来做一部分习题。
1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s
答案：D
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.
A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any
答案：B
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks
答案：D
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do
D. book to read
答案：B
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.
A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many
答案：C
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks
D. some chalks
答案：A
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers
D. Friends of her
答案：B
下面请大家自己练习一下。
1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher’s
答案：B
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I’d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.
A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper
答案：B
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please?
---No, thank you. I still have some.
A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all
答案：A
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health
答案：A
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语!
5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her
C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her
答案：B
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.
A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’s
D. Mary’s and Jane’s
答案：D
初中英语语法总结名词【2】
名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。
名词的分类：
名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1)个体名词(Individual Nouns)：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns)：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns)：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
名词的种类
物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。
(三)名词的数
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式：
1.单数
英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。
This is a desk .
这是一张书桌。
There is an orange on the table .
桌上有一个橘子。
an orange 一个橘子
an new orange (×) → a new orange (○)
一个新橘子
a desk
a old desk (×) → an old desk (○)
一张旧课桌
a和an的使用区别
a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。
an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。
有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。
2.复数
英语中，如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。变复数时情况如下：
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.
——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys
以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.
——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.
——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,
strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])
(注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加)
(4)以元音字母。结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：
①加—tomatoes,potato—potatoes
②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,—zoos,radio——radios
③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano—pianos
④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s,
(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos
⑤zero变复数时，既可加s,也可加
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.
——wives,leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res读音为[vz]
(注意：roof的复数为roofs; scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)
(6)有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。
——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth, child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)
请区别：German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children
(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
这些词是可数名词，且单复数形式相同，所以可以写为：
This is a fish.
These are fish.
另外，fish作为鱼肉讲时是不可数的。
There is much fish on the plate.
(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。
eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors
9以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
9另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼
另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。
apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister
但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。
men teachers,three women doctors
②可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。
room Of students,two boxes Of pencils
可修饰名词的.常用词：?
1) 修饰可数名词与不可数名词：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
2) 饰可数名词的有：many, (a)few, a large (great) number of?
3)只修饰不可数名词的有：much, (a)little, a great deal of
2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的“量”的表示方式如下。
(1)常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
(2)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等词修饰。
eg,much money,a little bread
(3)常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread
a piece of news 一条新闻
a piece of paper 一张纸
a piece of work 一项工作
容器表示
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a glass of water 一杯水
a bottle of orange 一瓶橘汁
a piece of paper 一张纸
a slice of bread 一片面包
如要表示两杯茶、四张纸这类概念时，在容器后加复数，如：
two cups of tea
两杯茶
four pieces of paper
四张纸
three glasses of water
三杯水
(4)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。
bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water
5.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread__________over there.(be)
6.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。
eg： fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物——foods各种食品;fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——a drink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒; cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙——sands沙滩; tea茶——a tea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉——a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁——an orange橘子; glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;wood木头——a wood小森林;room空间、余地——a room房间
(三)名词的所xxx(表示人或物的所属关系)
(1) 有生命的名词所xxx以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所xxx。
Beijing's street 北京的街道
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
ten minutes' walk 十分钟的路程
①不是以s结尾的名词变成所xxx时，在词尾加’s.
’s watch;Women’s Day
②以s结尾的名词变成所xxx时,只加’。
’office,students’rooms
③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加’s.
and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)
④两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加’s.
’s and Jenny’s bikes玛丽和xxx的自行车(表示玛丽和xxx各自的自行车)
在某些句子里，名词所xxx修饰的词，往往可以省略。
John s bike is better than Mike's .
约翰的自行车比迈克的好。
5.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所xxx的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
(2)无生命的事物的名词所xxx常用of结构
map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room
(3)特殊形式
①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所xxx
boy’s name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字)
the dog’s legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)
China’s population=the population Of China(中国的人口)
China’s capital=the capital of China(中国的首都)
②双重所xxx
fiend of my mother’s我妈妈的一个朋友
a picture of Tom’s汤姆的一张图片
3、易错点
1)Help yourself to _________.
A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken
答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数)
2)________ it is today!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather
答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词, 要用what来感叹.)
3) Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’ factory
答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所xxx, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)
4) This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying
答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当 “人”讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等)